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Ruby en.wikipedia.org Ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). The color is caused mainly by chromium. Its name comes from ruber, Latin for red. Natural rubies are exceptionally rare, but synthetic rubies (sometimes called created ruby) can be manufactured fairly cheaply. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. It is considered one of the four precious gems together with the sapphire, the emerald and the diamond. http://www.minerals.net Ruby is a red variety of the mineral corundum. Sapphire, the other gem variety of corundum, encompasses all colors of corundum aside from red. In essence, ruby is a red sapphire, since ruby and sapphire are identical in all properties except for color. The color of ruby ranges from bright red to dark reddish-brown. The most preferred color is a deep blood red with a slightly bluish hue. Such ruby is known as "Burmese Ruby" or "Pigeon's Blood Ruby". Ruby from Burma is famous for its exceptional coloring. However, Burmese ruby rarely exceeds several carats; large flawless Burmese rubies can be worth millions of dollars. Most rubies on the market are from Thailand, and these rubies have a brownish hue. They can be heat-treatmed to improve color. Heat-treating a ruby can also increase its transparency by removing tiny internal flaws. http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blruby.htm Ruby is just a special name for gemmy red corundum. Every other color of gem-quality corundum is called sapphire. This ruby pebble, a rock-shop specimen from India, measures about 3 centimeters in length and displays the clean hexagonal cross-section of corundum crystals. The flat face on this side is a parting plane, a break that results from a crystal weakness, in this case a plane of twinning. Corundum is a fairly heavy mineral, but it is extremely hard (hardness 9 on the Mohs scale) and can occur in streambeds as placer deposits, like the famous gem gravels of Sri Lanka. http://www.mine-engineer.com/mining/mineral/ruby.htm Occurrence of rubies: Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, India, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Tanzania, Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Malagasy, Republic, Malawi, Pakistan, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), United States (Montana, North Carolina). Named for it's color (Latin Rubeus). Ruby has been confused with red spinel and garnet. The color can range from "pigeon-blood" to brownish. Other colors are known as sapphire. Inclusions are common, and are used to tell the difference between a synthetic and natural stone. Ruby is the birthstone of the month of July. |
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